As artificial intelligence technology becomes impossible to avoid, praise and panic of its capabilities can be found in equal measure. Educators around the world fear the damage Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT can do to students’ academic integrity. Whether it is writing essays for them, doing their math homework, or being a primary source in research, LLMs and other AI systems offer a myriad of ways for students to cheat. On the other hand, AI can provide valuable aid to students and scholars, both in the classroom and out. In the end, it comes down to intent. AI is a powerful tool and, as the saying goes, there is a responsibility that comes with that power. For those who wish to use AI for good, here are some ways you can turn the ever-improving cheat machine into your favorite and friendly study buddy:
- Ask “Why?” or “How?”
As a student, focusing on every word in every class can be an overwhelming task. Whether it is a poor night’s sleep, waking up early for practice, the teacher’s lullaby-esque voice, or the subject material making you wish you were getting teeth pulled, it is easy for pieces of the school day to blur and fade from your mind. That said, you still need to keep your grades up, which may be tough if you dozed off during Mr. Smith’s lecture on “everything that will be on the upcoming test”. You stare at your textbooks and empty notebooks, wondering why nothing makes sense but knowing the answer. All alone, dreading next week’s test, you pull up ChatGPT and ask it for help.
A perfectly good way to start is by asking for it to explain whatever material you missed in class. You are likely to get a detailed answer, but how can you be sure the answer is right? Ask follow-up questions! What did ChatGPT mean when it told you that Nick Carraway’s introduction to the world of Gatsby echoes Plato’s Allegory of the Cave? Can ChatGPT elaborate on the historical impact of the “Plessy v. Ferguson” ruling? What are magnets, and how do they work? Keep ChatGPT talking. Keep asking questions.
Once you have answers to your standard of completeness, verify, verify, verify! LLMs have a mixed track record of providing accurate and correct responses, versus making up information that sounds correct. Double-check your textbooks. Perform your own research using reputable sources. Make sure that Wikipedia agrees at least.
What have you just accomplshed? You engaged with the material, asked meaningful questions, and improved your understanding. You LEARNED! You did everything your teacher would love to see you do in class, and you weren’t even in school!
- Pretend to Teach ChatGPT
Throughout my career as a tutor, I have become a true believer in the idea that explaining information to somebody reinforces it for both you and your student. This is a power that anybody with access to an LLM can wield. Phrase your prompt in a form similar to, “I have a test coming up and I need to make sure that I understand the material. Can you pretend to be a student in my classroom and ask me questions as I explain?” As the AI digs deeper into the subject matter, it will become apparent what you know and what you need to study more. Maybe ChatGPT starts to sound more like a toddler asking “Why?” to every question than an engaged student. That is a good time to tell it that you have everything you need for this section of the test and that you will be moving on.
By the end of this exercise, you will have gained a clearer picture of what you still need to study and you have increased your confidence in the material you don’t. Use this as a jumping-off point for more targeted study.
- Have it Test You
The most frequent advice I’ve heard and given to students about the ethical use of LLMs is to have your LLM of choice build a quiz for you to study with. It has been my experience that many students take the questions generated for them, write them down, look up the answer, and move on. I disagree with this approach. You have the opportunity to get real-time feedback on your answers, and you should use that to your advantage. Input your answers into the software, and see how it responds. Remember, LLMs are still capable of being confidently wrong, so verify, verify, verify!
The benefit of this approach is that you have a set of study materials that is more personalized than online flashcards, and takes less time to create than handmade flashcards. Verification adds an extra layer of reinforcement to your studying that you may not have received in your own independent study (and the potential for smug satisfaction if you are able to prove the AI wrong).
The creative potential of AI as a learning tool is vast, so long as you treat the technology with care and ethics. The educational world is reluctant to embrace AI because it is so easy to cheat with it. If you want to see more wide-spread adoption of AI in your school, you need to be the one to prove the doubters wrong. Discuss other creative uses for AI amongst your classmates. Try the techniques I outlined in this article, and let us know how it went. No matter what, if AI isn’t working for you, know that we at College Tutors are always here to help.